Definition:
Disability Studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines the social, political, cultural, and economic factors surrounding disability. Unlike traditional approaches that focus solely on the medical or biological aspects of disability, Disability Studies emphasises the lived experiences of disabled individuals and challenges the societal norms that contribute to their marginalisation. This field critically explores how disability is defined, represented, and understood, aiming to shift perspectives from a purely medical model to a social and rights-based approach.
Understanding Disability Studies:
Disability Studies emerged in the late 20th century as scholars, activists, and policymakers recognised the need for a broader understanding of disability beyond mere diagnosis or treatment. It is grounded in the idea that disability is a social construct, much like race or gender, shaped by cultural and institutional structures. This view challenges the idea that disability is an inherent limitation within individuals and instead looks at how society disables people by not accommodating different needs.
The field intersects with other critical disciplines such as feminist studies, critical race theory, and queer theory, offering a multi-faceted approach to understanding how disability operates in various contexts. Disability Studies scholars advocate for greater inclusion, accessibility, and equity, calling for societal changes that ensure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as non-disabled individuals.
Example:
Let’s consider an example to illustrate the social model of Disability Studies. A student with dyslexia faces challenges in a traditional classroom setting due to difficulties with reading and processing information. In a school environment where textbooks are the primary source of information, this student may be perceived as “disabled.” However, if the school provides digital textbooks with audio support, the barrier is removed, and the student can perform just as well as their peers. Here, it’s not the dyslexia that “disables” the student but the lack of accessible learning materials.
Conclusion:
Disability Studies offers a transformative approach to understanding disability, focusing on the social and cultural forces that shape the experiences of disabled individuals. By advocating for a rights-based, inclusive perspective, this field challenges outdated notions and promotes a more just and equitable society for people with disabilities.
References:
Ferguson, P. M., & Nusbaum, E. (2012). Disability studies: What is it and what difference does it make?. Research and practice for persons with severe disabilities, 37(2), 70-80. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/154079691203700202
Linton, S. (2005). What is disability studies?. Pmla, 120(2), 518-522. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/pmla/article/abs/what-is-disability-studies/5395CBEDE31AB0C9A11B56C47FE3C886
Titchkosky, T. (2000). Disability studies: The old and the new. Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, 197-224. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3341823
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