Understanding Horizontal Hostility in the DEI Context
In the realm of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI), understanding and addressing horizontal hostility is crucial. Horizontal hostility is a significant aspect of this discourse, but what exactly does it entail?
Definition:
Horizontal hostility refers to the phenomenon where individuals or groups within a marginalised or oppressed community direct criticism, judgment, or antagonism toward one another instead of uniting to challenge systemic oppression. This behavior often manifests as intra-group tension, rivalry, or undermining, and it diverts energy from addressing the root causes of inequity.
Understanding Horizontal Hostility:
Horizontal hostility emerges from the structural inequalities and power dynamics in society. When marginalised groups are excluded from systems of power, they may inadvertently internalise societal biases and redirect their frustrations toward others within their own community. This behavior can be subtle, such as microaggressions, or overt, such as public disputes or sabotage.
Horizontal hostility is fueled by a scarcity mindset—the belief that there are limited opportunities or resources available for marginalised groups. This can lead to competition within the group, reinforcing division and preventing collective progress. For example, in workplaces striving for diversity, members of underrepresented groups may feel pressured to compete for recognition or advancement, which fosters distrust rather than solidarity.
Example:
A common example of horizontal hostility is found in gender dynamics within the workplace. Women, especially in male-dominated industries, may sometimes engage in behaviors that undermine other women instead of fostering mutual support. For instance, a senior female leader might discourage or critique younger female colleagues to protect her own position, rather than mentoring them to help advance gender equity in the organisation. This dynamic perpetuates a cycle of exclusion and weakens efforts to challenge systemic sexism.
Addressing Horizontal Hostility:
To address horizontal hostility, organisations and communities must foster environments that prioritise collaboration and mutual support.
- Education and Awareness: Provide training to help individuals recognise and address internalised biases and horizontal hostility.
- Promote Solidarity: Encourage members of marginalised groups to work together by emphasising shared goals and interests.
- Amplify Diverse Voices: Ensure equitable representation and create safe spaces where all individuals feel heard and valued.
- Mentorship Programs: Establish mentorship initiatives to build trust and mutual growth within underrepresented communities.
Conclusion:
Horizontal hostility is a significant barrier to achieving true diversity, equity, and inclusion. By understanding its roots and impacts, individuals and organisations can take proactive steps to mitigate its effects. Recognising the power of collective action and solidarity can empower marginalised communities to focus on dismantling systemic inequities rather than succumbing to division.
References:
White, J. B., & Langer, E. J. (1999). Horizontal hostility; Relations between similar minority groups. Journal of Social Issues, 55(3), 537-559. https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/0022-4537.00132
White, J. B., Schmitt, M. T., & Langer, E. J. (2006). Horizontal hostility: Multiple minority groups and differentiation from the mainstream. Group processes & intergroup relations, 9(3), 339-358. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1368430206064638
Wilson, B. L., Diedrich, A., Phelps, C. L., & Choi, M. (2011). Bullies at work: The impact of horizontal hostility in the hospital setting and intent to leave. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(11), 453-458. https://journals.lww.com/jonajournal/abstract/2011/11000/bullies_at_work__the_impact_of_horizontal.5.aspx
Thomas, S. P. (2003). ‘Horizontal Hostility’: Nurses against themselves: how to resolve this threat to retention. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 103(10), 87-88. https://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/citation/2003/10000/horizontal_hostility___nurses_against_themselves.38.aspx
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