Recent research has begun to show that there are three concepts that largely predict an individual manager’s or leader’s performance and competence in multi-cultural or cross-geographic situations:
- Cultural intelligence or CQ
- Global mindset
- Cross-cultural competence
Cultural intelligence
Cultural intelligence refers to an individual’s ability to operate effectively in multi- and cross-cultural contexts in terms of their thinking, metacognition (ability to think about their thinking), reflective skills, motivation and behaviour.
Cultural intelligence has been found to predict a range of useful organisational outcomes such as:
- Global leadership, for the ability to lead global organisations
- Performance in negotiations and negotiation skills, particularly in cross-border context
- Job performance
- Multi-cultural management
- Global and multi-country organisational performance
As can be imagined, cultural intelligence is becoming somewhat of a hot topic in terms of leadership.
…cultural intelligence is becoming somewhat of a hot topic in terms of leadership
Global mindset
Global mindset refers to “the capacity to function effectively within environments characterised by high cultural and business complexity”. It has been found that individuals with a global mindset also tend to have high levels of openness and cosmopolitan thinking and tend to be good at influencing others in complex, ambiguous and rapidly changing contexts. They also tend to flourish in situations where an exploration and understanding of a range of different and often paradoxical contexts and cultural backgrounds is required.
99% of everything you are trying to do...
...has already been done by someone else, somewhere - and meticulously researched.
Get the latest research briefings, infographics and more from The Oxford Review - Free.
Cross-cultural competences
Cross-cultural competences refer to “an individual’s effectiveness in drawing upon a set of knowledge, skills, and personal attributes in order to work successfully with people from different national and cultural backgrounds”. Cross-cultural competence comprises three dimensions:
- The individual’s personality traits and attitudes
- Cognitive capabilities, particularly in terms of their ability to learn and acquire an understanding of different cultures
- Communication capabilities, particularly in terms of being able to understand and communicate with others at all different levels and across many different cultures and backgrounds
A new study
A new study looking at the relationships between cultural intelligence and global mindset has been conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Southern Denmark and the University of Agder in Norway. The study, a systematic analysis of the most relevant peer-reviewed studies, examined over 800 papers.
Findings
The study found that a number of main themes that emerged from the research:
Cultural intelligence
There are a number of predictors of high levels of cultural intelligence, including:
• The individual’s personality, particularly in terms of openness to experience,
• Having been exposed to different cultural contexts
• Having lived or stayed abroad for extended periods (more than holidays)
• Emotional intelligence
• Cross-cultural contact
• Cross-cultural interest and study of other cultures
• Speaking more than one language
• Education – high levels of educational attainment is important here
• Cultural beliefs
• Trigger events, or situations in which the individual has been involved
• Having a learning orientation or curiosity
• Having been exposed to forms of cultural intelligence training and learning
Individual outcomes
The study also found that individuals with higher levels of cultural intelligence have been shown to have the following outcomes:
• Faster levels of cross-cultural and new culture adjustment
• Faster integration into new cultures
• Interest in engaging at a cross-cultural level
• Interested in living abroad
• Higher levels of leadership and management effectiveness
• Higher levels of performance, both in terms of job and task performance
• Higher levels of multi-cultural employee performance
• Higher levels of job satisfaction, both for themselves and for employees
• High levels of cultural learning
• Greater job creativity
Team level outcomes
The study also showed that higher levels of cultural intelligence has a positive impact on:
• team performance
• team negotiation capability
• team collaboration and cooperation capabilities
• team knowledge sharing
• team creativity and togetherness
Organisational level outcomes
The study found that high levels of cultural intelligence also have a significant impact at organisational level, including
• open innovation practices
• innovation and change adoption
• marketing and sales performance
Global mindset
The study found that the predictors of high levels of global mindset include:
• the individual’s personality, particularly in terms of openness and openness to experience
• their individual experiences of, and thinking about, global issues
• an interest in complexity
• a proclivity for experiential learning
Global mindset outcomes
In terms of outcomes for people with higher levels of global mindset the study found that there is evidence for:
• More positive perceptions of senior management
• Higher levels of leader-member exchange, or closeness between leaders and employees
• More effective organisational global networks and cooperation/collaboration
• Higher levels of employee commitment
• Greater likelihood that organisations with leaders with a more global mindset will explore opportunities more effectively, particularly at a global level
• High levels of performance of offshore functions
• Significantly faster penetration into international markets
Cross cultural competencies
In terms of cross-cultural competencies, the study found that individuals with higher levels of cross-cultural competencies also:
• Tender have better levels of situational judgement
• Tend to develop contexts that are both more dynamic and stable than their peers
• Are significantly faster at integrating with, and adopting, new cultural practices
The outcomes of higher levels of cross-cultural competencies
The study found that the following outcomes tend to stem from leaders and managers higher levels of cross-cultural competencies including:
• Multi-cultural team effectiveness
• Faster adjustment in new teams and contexts
• Higher levels of performance
• A greater interest in developing cross-cultural understanding, collaboration and effectiveness within teams and organisations
References
The 8 primary features of practical leadership and management wisdom
Be impressively well informed
Get the very latest research intelligence briefings, video research briefings, infographics and more sent direct to you as they are published
Be the most impressively well-informed and up-to-date person around...
3expense