The Oxford Review has just published a new special report looking at the individual differences between leaders and the impact of those differences on leadership outcomes.
Keywords: leader, leadership, leadership development, individual differences, leadership capacities
- Special report
- Why look at individual differences?
- 65 researched differences between leaders
- How to get this special report
The special report / research briefing is a briefing of newly published integrative review of research by a team of researchers that looked at all of the studies over the last 20 years to see what patterns and threads come out of the research on individual differences between leaders. Due to its nature, this is a somewhat large, complex and involved study. There are a series of useful and interesting findings.
Why look at individual differences?
The main point of looking at the individual differences between leaders is quite simply that all leaders are individuals and, as a result, differ from each other in many ways. The question is, how do these differences impact their outcomes as a leader?
The vast majority of leader research is focused on categorising leadership behaviours, personality or other attributes into groupings or styles. So, whilst any particular leader may adopt a certain style of leadership, this does not mean that all leaders within that style are going to act and behave the same or make the same decisions and judgements.
It is, therefore, important to understand how individual differences between leaders create different:
- perceptions
- thinking
- judgements
- behaviours
- attitudes
- values
- beliefs and
- outcomes.
Further, some differences between leaders will have little or no impact on leadership outcomes and others will have a dramatic and significant impact on their outcome as a leader. Understanding which differences make a difference is both useful and valuable.
65 researched differences between leaders
Previous research has identified 65 differences between leaders that have an impact on leadership outcomes. These include:
- Intelligence
- Divergent/Creative Thinking
- Insight
- Wisdom
- Complex Problem Solving Skills
- Cognitive Complexity
- Cognitive Flexibility
- Metacognitive Skills
- Judgment/Decision Making Skills
- Organizing and Administrative Skills
- Ability to Learn
- Self-regulation Skills
- Strategic Thinking
- Social Intelligence or social Sensitivity
- Self-Monitoring Skills
- Behavioural Flexibility
- Emotional Regulation Skills
- Ability to Handle People
- Interpersonal Skills
- Communication Skills
- Persuasion Skills
- Political Skills
- Extraversion
- Conscientiousness
- Openness
- Agreeableness (9) Neuroticism/Emotional Stability
- Optimism
- Adaptability
- Flexibility
- Charisma
- Positive/Negative Affectivity
- Narcissism
- Psychopathy
- Stress Tolerance/Resilience
- Dominance
- Power
- Achievement
- Affiliation
- Motivation to Lead
- Drive/Purpose
- Energy
- Ambition
- Tenacity/Persistence
- Proactivity/Initiative
- Locus of Control
- Self-Confidence/Self-efficacy
- Knowledge of Situation (Tacit knowledge)
- Knowledge of the Business
- Experience
- Tenure
- Education Level
- Masculinity-Femininity
- Machiavellianism
- Authoritarianism
- Nurturance
- Conservatism
- Honesty/Integrity
- Originality/Creativity
- Humility/Modesty
- Courage
- Gender
- Age
- Height
- Appearance
- Genetics
Find out how these differences between leaders have an impact on leadership outcomes and what it means for leadership and leadership development in straightforward english (no academic jargon).
Get this 17 page special report
The special report details the primary findings of the reviews and shows you how to use them.
This special report is especially useful for leaders and those involved leadership development / training and coaching.
Members: login to download this and every other research briefing as part of your membership (you can join here):
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